Utilization of genetically determined system and manual method for heterosis breeding in Capsicum annum L.

Abstract

The world population is increasing, and per capita land resources are decreasing due to the pressure of population growth So, there is a need to raise the per unit area return. Heterosis breeding is an approach to tackle the challenge of sustaining enhanced yield gains of crops. Hybrid seed production of vegetable crops is currently a desired breeding goal, due to its outstanding agronomic performance. Pepper is an important vegetable crop grown, it is an excellent source of antioxidant compounds important for human health, that aggrandize its economic status. Numerous technologies range from manual emasculation to genetic transformation are used to produce hybrid seed. In this review, we observe the principles underlying strategies like genetically determined systems (cytoplasmic–genetic male sterility and genetic male sterility) and other methods (manual emasculation) in pepper. Manual method is a labour-intensive task and the production cost of hybrid seed is very high. The phenomenon of male sterility is of great significance to produce cost effective hybrid seeds.